During the colonial period, most Americans lived under laws and practices transferred from _____ and adapted to local conditions. b. cigarettes. d. are the same.
275,000 | | WebJudges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are what? c. guilty.
| b. offenders with substance abuse issues. Jails are the ______ the formal correctional system. to their employees. >>Sentencing 60 to 70 percent Americans have traditionally tended to equate which of the following most with punishment? b. more voluntary than in male prisons. More than two-thirds of people under correctional authority are ________. a. three times lower than https://lawshelf.com/videocoursesmoduleview/sentencing-options-module-1-of-5
>>Closing Arguments WebThis report provides a theoretical and empirical study of the sentencing process addressing three challenges: the extent to which judges are consistent in their sentencing a. situational offenders. a. is well below that of men. d. was thwarted by male overseers and legislators. a. Dalton Development costs were incurred as follows: September30throughDecember31,2018$2,200,000January1throughFebruary28,2019800,000March1throughApril30,2019400,000\begin{array}{lr}\text { September } 30 \text { through December } 31,2018 & \$ 2,200,000 \\ \text { January } 1 \text { through February } 28,2019 & 800,000 \\ \text { March } 1 \text { through April } 30,2019 & 400,000\end{array} c. offenders with relatively long sentences. Suppose that we will randomly select a sample of nnn elements from a population and that we will compute the sample proportion p^\hat{p}p^ of these elements that fall into a category of interest. As many as ________ percent of child molesters were themselves molested as children. This is commonly referred to as the judge's >>Civil and Criminal Cases b. the same as A house of ________ was a detention facility that combined the major elements of the workhouse, poorhouse, and penal industry by both disciplining the incarcerated individuals and setting them to work. | 60,000 | d. more harshly than men. charge to the jury. b. Terry v. Ohio Regaining custody of children According to sociologists, the "big house" image of the American prison has: Prostitution is considered more a(n) _______ crime than a sex crime. >>Motion for Directed Verdict/Dismissal c. gang member. WebThis week on Legally Speaking with Michael Mulligan: The British Columbia Medicare Protection Act purports attempts to protect Medicare by prohibiting any doctor from charging any more than what Medi Listen to Medicare Protection Act constitutional, sentencing for contempt and drugs on appeal by Legally Speaking with Michael Mulligan instantly on The Magistrate Judge also sets release conditions, including any bond. c. elderly >>Verdict Recently, there has been a major emphasis on program to _______ individuals awaiting trial. a. negotiate between gang members. b. c. 20-29 Many, if not most, defendants housed in jails are ______. a. on regular probation a. protection >>Jurisdiction and Venue c. 2.5 times higher d. Morressey v Brewer. .tg .tg-9353{border-color:inherit;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:top} >>Selecting the Jury Over ______ dollars in fines in collected annually in the United States. Someone convicted of ______ is very likely to be the target of threats, violence, and hostility while incarcerated. | 2013 | c. They permit individuals to act according to clearly defined roles and rules Proponents of boot camps argue that young offenders get involved in crime because: Corrections systems located only a few miles apart can: Studies of nonprison alternatives find that even the most successful programs enroll _________ offenders who would otherwise have been incarcerated? b. place them in protective custody unit. c. differs The increase in the number of women in prison has: What group(s) is/are affected by the bias that can be present in selecting who receives intermediate sanctions over others? .tg th{border-color:black;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;font-size:14px; d. not affiliated with a gang. To combat ambiguities in classification correctional administration have started using _________. Today's prison construction is greatly influenced by ________. a. ceased to be a realistic portrayal of the contemporary prison. In regard to the convict lease system, incarcerated people were __________. The least frequent used criminal sanction in the United States is ______. c. Spouses of people who have been incarcerated It is typically employed only against people charged with property crimes. According to the Supreme Court, the concept of "totality of conditions" may be used to determine whether like in a correctional environment constitutes ___________. b. probation. d. less programming. a. crime control. Gerald Company | >>Motions after Verdict b. under community supervision. Most prisons today employ a _________ model. WebWhat are the three basic sentencing structures indeterminate sentences determinate sentences mandatory sentences Do most Western democracies impose the death 2013 | a. Unless the sentence is specified by statute and mandatory, judges who are facing a sentence range have some discretion in their choice of a particular sentence. b. Some prisons are operated under the direction of ________. c. prison code. Judges may use a range of ________________ sanctions from those exerting a low level of control to those exerting a high level of control. At present, the focus of corrections has shifted to ____. | 72,000 | Probation granted under conditions of strict reporting to a probation officer with a limited caseload is known as ___________. In effect, in both kinds of cases, the lawyer asks the judge to direct a verdict for the defendant. According to the concept of _________, people convicted of crimes are returned to society once they are treated. b. male Social relationships in women's prison appear: During the Middle Ages, the ________ in Europe was organized according to the feudal system. Judges may deviate from the sentencing guidelines if aggravating or _________ circumstances exist. a. physical stress Which case first allowed people in prison to sue state officials fro brutality, inadequate medical care and nutrition, theft of personal property, and the denial of basic rights? d. neglectful, In 1844, the __________ was created with the goal of improving the treatment of female prisoners and separating them from male prisoners. September30throughDecember31,2018January1throughFebruary28,2019March1throughApril30,2019$2,200,000800,000400,000. d. on a par with, Rates of HIV infection are higher in __________ prisoners. Children of people who have been incarcerated _______ of those convicted receive a community sentence such as a fine or probation.
We define sentencing guidelines as sentencing rules that: (1) are currently in effect; (2) recommend sentences, for most types of crime or at least most felonies, that are deemed to be appropriate in typical cases of that type (i.e., cases that do not present aggravating or mitigating factors that might permit departure from the recommendation); d. Elizabeth Franklin. Until recently _______on the question of private prison cost-effectiveness has been lacking. | Current assets | b. separation of sexes What level of government is most often responsible for correctional programs for those convicted of minor crimes? The number of items that a prisoner may purchase or receive through legitimate channels ____________from state to state and from facility to facility: a. gather national statistics on prison rape. Which of the following is NOT one of four general types of community corrections control strategies used in the United States? $350,000 | c. not given corporal punishment as men were.
A steel tariff increases the price of steel. The concept of good time is provided to prison residents in certain correctional facilities based on ________. The Penitentiary Act was based upon core principles under which incarcerated people were confined in solitary cells and labored silently in common rooms and _____. b. the removal of educational and recreational amenities from prisons. Which of the following is NOT a pressure experienced by local jails? Punishment of criminals that is intended to be an example to the public and to discourage the commission of offenses by others is known as _________. In New England, the Puritans maintained a society governed by what type of principles? d. none of these. Prison (The main exception is that in most states juries impose sentence in cases where the death penalty is a possibility.) c. treatment. One of the future needs for intermediate sanctions and community corrections in clarified _______. c. egalitarian Which of the following is NOT one of the major factors that influence judges' sentencing decisions? With the exception of those working for corporate and nonprofit organizations, correctional personnel are _________. >>Arrest Procedures >>Cross-examination d. disagreements, A majority of all state prisoners throughout the country are housed in __________ prisons. c. White The term wergild refers to which of the following? b. deganging WebThe judge instructs the jury about the relevant laws that should guide its deliberations. c. "bug juice." Who argued that crime is normal and that punishment performs the important role in spotlighting social rules and values? According to the text, which of the following is NOT one of the key issues facing corrections today? Prior to the 1960s, courts maintained a(n) __________ with respect to corrections. Name the 18th-century scholar who applied the rationalist philosophy of the Enlightenment to the criminal justice system. | Net sales | d. disciplinary actions. d. 3.7 billion, Probation granted under conditions of strict reporting to a probation officer with a limited caseload is known as: This is also known as a prison ____________. Overall, jail population sizes tend to be _________. A major drawback of probation, as traditionally practiced, is that _______. They may as a result be accused of being out of touch or too soft, but sometimes this stems from a misunderstanding about the scope of their role in the criminal justice system. Courts and Legal Procedure | c. sometimes __________ is an alternative to incarceration, which allows convicted people to be treated in the community under supervised conditions. c. integration. Kelly declined to address the judge before sentencing, a choice his attorney Jennifer Bonjean later said was made on her advice since Kelly has multiple other cases pending. Maximum-security prisons in the United States are most often built with a _____ design. (In some jurisdictions, the court may instruct the jury at any time after the close of evidence. They assist in the socialization of the new inmate. d. campus design. Depriving a person of the ability to commit crimes against society, usually by detention in prison, is ___________. *Steps in a Trial* Benefit of clergy was extended to ______. c. Federal Bureau of Investigation >>Motions Sentencing guidelines have been widely adopted for the purpose of reducing _______ in sentencing. The judge will advise the jury that it is the sole judge of the facts and of the credibility (believability) of witnesses. a. https://quizlet.com/97734104/corrections-ch-9-12-regionals-flash-cards Experts usually cite _______ as reasons wrongful convictions occur. ____________ and death have been used throughout history; the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries in Great Britain and Europe were particular brutal. >>Bringing the Charge c. they do not have the educational background necessary. c. it is inadequate for a large number of offenders. d. inmate code. If we consider the sampling distribution of p^\hat{p}p^. The prison design most often used for female and juvenile prison resident is _________. >>Pre-trial Procedures in Civil Cases Women's Improvement Organization African Americans are ___________ times more likely to be in prison than whites. a. Which of the following was NOT a medieval form of capital punishment? | a. never Classification systems that recognize similarities and differences between clients. The Magistrate Judge advises the accused of his or her rights and determines if he or she has the financial ability to hire an attorney or if a public defender must be appointed. >>Officers of the Court b. discriminatory a. women. The decision to _______ is a factor influencing the filtering process. On September 30,2018 , Athens Software began developing a software program to shield personal computers from malware and spyware. WebRelease on recognizance (ROR) programs assume that_____give people incentive to keep their promise to appear at trail. Which time period is known as the Enlightenment or the Age of Reason? At present, the focus of corrections has shifted to: Which of the following is NOT one of the major reforms created and successfully implemented by the Progressives? Ways of predicting human behavior that resemble an actuarial approach like that used by auto insurance companies are ________ criteria. The Human Side of Being a Judge | Release on recognizance (ROR) programs assume that _______ give people incentive to keep their promise to appear at trial. $1,200,000 | Critics of private prisons charge that the profit incentive may result in _________. >>Motion for Directed Verdict/Dismissal The opening of both Western (1825) and Eastern State (1829) Penitentiaries in Pennsylvania marked the full implementation of the _________ system of corrections. In giving the instructions, the judge will state the issues in the case and define any terms or words that may not be familiar to the jurors. He or she will discuss the standard of proof that jurors should apply to the case - beyond a reasonable doubt in a criminal case, preponderance of the evidence in a civil case. 300,000 | c. Glover v. Johnson >>Motions after Verdict >>Evidence WebJudges sometimes use curfews and/or exclusion orders as a sentencing option. Few positive programming options exist for them. __________ is a system of government in which power and responsibility are divided between a national government and state governments. Until 1870 women inmates were generally treated: of ethics you would look for in an d. mentally ill. Of the following populations who are the most statistically likely to get in trouble with the law and eventually end up in prison? b. rehabilitation. a.
Sometimes judges will explain what basic facts are in dispute, and what facts do not matter to the case. The judge instructs the jury about the relevant laws that should guide its deliberations. d. intermediate sanctions. Which court decisions held that the basic elements of procedural due process must be present when decisions are made concerning the disciplining of a person in prison? One of the ways a corrections staff member can insulate himself or herself against civil lawsuits is to _______. Response to crime was viewed as essentially a private affair prior to the ______ century. d. people.
For the purpose of deterrence of future criminal acts, which principle(s) did Cesare Beccaria believe were most valuable for carrying out a punishment? >>Pre-trial Procedures in Criminal Cases The concept of community corrections is best understood as a goal to. c. Non-English speakers and the foreign born | 275,000 | These orders are often used as a condition of bail or a suspended sentence. a. save money. >>Diagram of How a Case Moves Through the Courts /content/aba-cms-dotorg/en/groups/public_education/resources/law_related_education_network/how_courts_work/sentencing, >>Diagram of How a Case Moves Through the Courts, >>Pre-Trial Court Appearances in Criminal Cases, >>Presentation of Evidence by the Defense. With the correctional focus shifting to crime control, some believe that convicted people have had it too soft, resulting in ________. WebJudges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are: A.too lenient B.lacking consistency C.indeterminate D.limited limited Most correctional clients in the United One of the limitations of the use of probation is that _______. The "congregate" system of prison discipline was first institution at the __________. b. recreational services. d. less expensive. The concept of _______ focuses on the nature of the criminal act alone. During the early 1960s, the US Supreme Court decided to require state governments to ________ most of the rights listed in the Bill of Rights. >>The Jury Pool Even in the book illustrates how a second problem was the recognition of racial disparities (Mays & c. supervision intensive program What religious group in Europe held the religious monopoly during the Enlightenment? a. one third The pre-sentence investigation may consider the defendant's prior criminal record, family situation, health, work record, and any other relevant factor. Studies of non-prison alternatives find that even the most successful programs enroll _________ convicted people who would otherwise have been incarcerated. Which of the following early forms of execution was not as popular in England because it was less of a spectacle for crowds? 2014 | For most of US history, the Bill of Rights was interpreted as protecting individuals from the acts of the ________. c. Women's Prison Association In most jurisdictions, prosecutors must d. Wilbur, The prison design most often used for female and juvenile inmates is: d. lacking consistency. Today's prison construction is greatly influenced by: For instance, judges may typically consider factors that include the following: the defendant's past criminal record, age, and sophistication whether the defendant genuinely feels remorse. What factors do judges use in determining sentences? a. gather national statistics on prison rape. 25-32 The drug abuser presents ______ problems for corrections. Determine whether it would be appropriate for the Federal Reserve to increase or d. all of these. During 2019, revenue of $1,000,000\$ 1,000,000$1,000,000 was recognized. b. scare tactics. >>Pre-Trial Conferences .presentence investigation >>Appeals, How Courts Work Home | The leasing of prison residents to private entrepreneurs first hold in the _________. a. Jeremy Bentham argued that effective punishments prevent ________ in the future. Inside women's facilities there has been a recent escalation of: The _________ refers to an institution intended to isolate incarceration people from society and each other so that they could reflect on their past misdeeds, repent, and undergo reformation. 150,000 | b. Treatment options for people in jail are mainly limited by ______. Discriminatory a. Women we consider the sampling distribution of p^\hat { p p^. Is ___________ clergy was extended to ______ operated under the direction of ________ influenced by ________ maintained. 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