potassium feldspar streakvampire's kiss ending

1) pyroxene 2) quartz 3)biotite 4) potassium feldspar 5.Which mineral can be found in all samples of rhyolite and andesite? Geology Lab 100-004 Midterm Review: Minerals Review Has glossy appearance and may display wavy lines. Microcline (KAlSi 3 O 8) is the low temperature pure potassium end . Feldspar minerals are some of the most abundant minerals within the Earth's crust and are a common component of rocks. Note the two cleavage surfaces and one fracture surface. www.jsjgeology.net PDF Name Minerals Review 1)rock salt 2) rhyolite Potassic Feldspar: Mineral information, data and localities. Feldspar is the name given to a group of minerals distinguished by the presence of alumina and silica (SiO 2) in their chemistry. Spodumene - Has a splintery fracture. Plagioclase: The mineral Plagioclase information and pictures Lab Exam I: Review Potassium feldspar has a hardness of 6. The term feldspar encompasses a whole range of . Roy (1965), The mineralogy of the potassium-barium feldspar series: III. Plagioclase Feldspar: Non-metallic (med. Potassium feldspar Potassium feldspar (or alkali feldspar or K-spar) is a member of the feldspar mineral family and is a silicate mineral. Feldspar colors including pink, white, green, gray and others. Feldspars, the most abundant minerals in the Earth's crust, range in composition from calcium-rich to sodium-rich to potassium-rich varieties and many compositions in between. Potassium Feldspar Pyrite Quartz Sodium Plagioclase Sphalerite Sulfur Talc. Labradorite variety shows blue play of colors. The Mohs scale harness of orthoclase is 6.0. It is the alkalis in the feldspar - chiefly potassium and sodium - that lower the melting temperature within the mixture. POTASSIUM FELDSPAR. The plagioclase feldspars form a group within a group that varies in composition from ALBITE (ALL-bite), which is sodium-aluminium silicate, to ANORTHITE (an-OR-thite) which is calcium aluminium silicate. The differences can be subtle and confusing. It is the single most abundant mineral group on Earth. Orthoclase - Minerals identify Earth Science's, Maddy Nyblade, and the Minnesota Geological Survey's Jenn McDonald have published an article in Eos recognizing and reckoning with the colonial history of Geology. Leaching of aluminum-rich soils can form the common mineral bauxite, which is the leading source of industrial aluminum on Earth (12.) Plagioclase feldspar (Albite and Labradorite) - NaAlSi 3 O 8 - CaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 - A family of minerals that includes Albite and Labradorite. Potassium feldspar. Potassium Feldspar family: Orthoclase and Microcline KAlSi3O8 6 2.5-2.6 White Pink. Streak colorless or white. The most common members of the feldspar group are the plagioclase (sodium-calcium) feldspars and the alkali (potassium-sodium) feldspars. granite pegmatite (potassium feldspar, quartz, plagioclase feldspar, and possibly muscovite, biotite, hornblende) gabbro (plagioclase feldspar) porphyritic rhyolite (just the phenocrysts (larger visible) minerals; quartz, potassium feldspar, biotite) 3. Streak A mineral's streak is the color of its powder when the mineral is rubbed on a square of porcelain . b) Both are framework silicates. "Potassium feldspar" refers to a group of several different K-rich minerals: orthoclase, microcline, adularia, sanidine, and anorthoclase. However, the mineral streak of orthoclase is white. See the answer See the answer See the answer done loading. Cases like that are helpful for learning to tell the feldspars apart. (Orthoclase, Microcline) 6. white, tan to orange, red, green, also colorless. Calcite - Much lower hardness. The minerals which crystallized in this sequence are called the Bowen's Reaction Series (see the diagram in your textbook), consisting of a discontinous series of mineral crystallization (olivine crystallized first at the highest temperature, followed successively by pyroxene, amphibole, biotite mica, potassium feldspar, muscovite mica, and . H=6.0. plagioclase PHOTOS Below is an image for each one of the members of the Plagioclase group. Type: Mineral: Luster: Nonmetallic Glassy: Hardness: 6 > Glass: Cleavage: Yes Prismatic at right angles: Streak: None: Color: Pink or White: Miscellaneous: Blocky: Back to list East Carolina University Department of Geological Sciences East 5th Street Greenville, NC 27858-4353 USA K (Potassium) Feldspar photo Color Luster Streak Hardness Cleavage or Fracture . It is a major component of granite its pink crystals give granite its typical color. Microcline is one of the potash feldspars composed of potassium aluminum silicate. Pink, white or blue-green. 2. ┗ These minerals have a vitreous or a pearly luster, and a white streak. Hardness - Greater than 5.5. Minerals with a higher hardness number with scratch all minerals with a lower hardness numbers Lustered vitreous or pearly. The potassium feldspars are ORTHOCLASE and MICROCLINE. Streak tests are performed on galena, hematite, and pyrite. Porphyritic Basalt Porphyritic Granite Porphyritic Rhyolite Pumice Rhyolite Scoria Tuff . Quartz Potassium Muscovite Biotite Hornblende Plagioclase Pyro Feldspar xene Olivine Color index (if can't see minerals) Compositional name 0 0 0 0 0 0-20% 0-20% 50-100% Very dark Ultramafic 0 0 0 0 0-10% 20-60% 25-30% 0-50% Dark Mafic 0 0 0 0-5% 10-20% 10-60% 0-10% 0 Grey (medium dark) Intermediate Magazine: 36: 914-932. Plagioclase feldspars contain varying amounts of calcium and/or sodium, and color is commonly white or gray. The feldspars are divided into two main groups: Potassium feldspar ("K-spar") and plagioclase ("plag"). Solid answers between K-feldspar and albite are referred to as "alkali feldspar". X-ray diffraction analyses detect both plagioclase feldspar and potassium feldspar. An important rock-forming mineral, orthoclase is the potassium-bearing end member of the potassium sodium feldspar solid-solution series. What is the streak of orthoclase . With notable exceptions, color is usually not a reliable diagnostic property of minerals. Potassium feldspar is whitish to pinkish-orangish to salmon-colored. Potassium Feldspar: Non-metallic (Pink to white) Slightly harder than glass: 2 cleavages at about 90°; Striations not present; can be pink, white (sometimes green). Silicate (Potassium Feldspar) Chemical Composition KAlSi3O8 Hardness 6 Streak White Luster Vitreous Cleavage Basal, prismatic, pinacoidal Fracture Conchoidal, uneven Density 2.56-2.58 g/cm3 Mineral Habit Blocky, crystalline, prismatic Crystal System Triclinic Environment of Formation It is one of the most abundant rock-forming minerals of the continental crust. Microcline is one of the K-feldspar minerals. Feldspar Group of Silicate Minerals Chemical Composition KalSi308 - Potassium Aluminum Silicate Hardness 6 (harder than glass) Specific Gravity 2.6 Luster Crystals are vitreous (glass-like) to porcelaneous (porcelain-like) Streak white . 1)feldspar, quartz, and olivine 2) granite, rhyolite, and basalt 3) cobbles, pebbles, and silt 4) conglomerate, sandstone, and shale 4.In which group are all the earth materials classified as minerals? Alkali feldspars occur in many rocks. The crystal system of this mineral is monoclinic. Geologists can use the color of igneous rocks and the relative amount of light- vs. dark-colored minerals to help identify them (Figure 2.12). Potassium feldspar. All the potassium feldspars can contain more sodium at high temperatures than at low. H = 6 to 6.5. Potassium Feldspar. An extrusive igneous rock with a mineral composition of 35% quartz, 35% potassium feldspar, 15% plagioclase feldspar, 10% biotite, and 5% amphibole is called. Pink microcline minerals occur worldwide in igneous and metamorphic rocks. H= 6. color white, tan to orange, red, green, also colorless. It contains a considerable amount of potassium and is typically pink-salmon to white in color. Feldspar group consists of mainly 3 mineral species: Microcline feldspar - a mineral species with chemical composition of KAlSi2O8. What are the types of feldspar? Orthoclase is most widely known as the pink feldspar found in many granites and as the mineral assigned a hardness of "6" in the Mohs hardness scale. Moreover, this is a type of k-feldspar or potassium feldspar. Green to blackish green; dull to vitreous or pearly luster; H = 2 to 2.5; D = 2.6 to 3.3; may have faint green-yellow streak; cleavage flakes are flexible but not elastic; finely crystalline aggregates common. ┗ The specific gravity of feldspar is 2.55 - 2.76. The name is from the Ancient Greek for "straight fracture," because its two cleavage planes are at right angles to each other. c) Feldspar has 2 distinct angles of cleavage (2 directions at 90 degrees) while Quartz does not (though quartz does have conchoidal fracturing). Potassium Feldspar Name used to describe the minerals belonging to the potassium feldspar group, specifically Orthoclase, Microcline, and Sanidine. Quartz Metamorphic Rocks. Brass-yellow; Lustered metallic to sub metallic. Jenn McDonald. It is a type of potassium feldspar, also known as K-feldspar. In some igneous rocks and in most metamorphic rocks, microcline is the common potassium feldspar. greenish black to black streak; Additionally, feldspar can give the glass enhanced desirable properties such as increased hardness, durability and resistance to chemical attack. Click on any photo to enlarge! Feldspar minerals have very similar structures, chemical compositions, and physical properties. Bright yellow color. YES - 2 dir. Many rocks have both feldspars, like granite. Feldspar, an important component of Moonstones has a white streak. For example, granite with large quantities of potassium feldspar will look pink, while large quantities of amphiboles make it look green. Feldspars are a group of rock-forming aluminium tectosilicate minerals, containing sodium, calcium, potassium or barium. Moonstone - Form of feldspar that displays a color sheen known as adularescence. Both display two cleavages and an overlapping range of colors, but only plagioclase displays tiny grooves on one cleavage known as striations. MICROCLINE FELDSPAR BACKGROUND INFORMATION. Hardness 6. 3. 2 cleavages at 90°. Quartz 9. Otherwise difficult to distinguish. Orthoclase, or orthoclase feldspar (endmember formula K 8), is an important tectosilicate which forms igneous rock. In general, potassium feldspars commonly have pink to reddish hues, while the plagioclase feldspars tend to be white or gray, but both mineral groups may exhibit similar colors, so the presence or absence of striations is more diagnostic. Note 3. Feldspars make up about 60% of the Earth's crust, and 41% of the Earth's continental crust by weight. Tabular crystals 2 good cleavage planes at nearly right angles. Subsolid relationships: Min. Prominent YES - 2 dir. Sodium-rich varieties are white or light gray; calcium-rich varieties are medium to dark gray. Plagioclase may have striations on its cleavage faces, potassium feldspars do . The majority of the common feldspars fall into two groups, the alkali feldspars (KAlSi 3 O 8 through NaAlSi 3 O 8 series), and the plagioclase feldspars (NaAlSi 3 O 8 through CaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 series). [1] They are found in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks in all parts of the world. The ideal value for the potassium-rich alkali feldspars is 2.56, which is less than the lowest value for the plagioclases (namely, 2.62 for albite). ADVERTISEMENT. White or colorless Streak. Most igneous and metamorphic rocks; volcanic-derived sandstone. Obviously, silicon and oxygen form the foundation for the group, but calcium, sodium, and potassium are also present. Potassium feldspar (or alkali feldspar or K-spar) is a member of the feldspar mineral family and is a silicate mineral. It contains a considerable amount of potassium and is typically pink-salmon to white in color. State the name of rock B. Orthoclase/Potassium Feldspar (two names same mineral) Nonmetallic, white streak, excellent cleavage in two directions at nearly 90 degrees, hardness=6, forms prisms, generally pinkish but can vary (white, orange, brown, green). Feldspar is the name of a large group of rock-forming silicate minerals that make up over 50% of Earth's crust. Where feldspar is found? A)luster B)streak C)hardness D)cleavage 15.Which mineral property is illustrated by the peeling of muscovite mica into thin, flat sheets? Price: $4.79. There are many different members to the feldspar group. Feldspar is by far the most abundant group of minerals in the earth's crust, forming about 60% of terrestrial rocks. Andesite Basalt Diorite Gabbro Granite Obsidian Peridotite Porphyritic Andesite. Color is the observable color of a mineral specimen in natural light. Amphibolite Blueschist Chlorite Schist Feldspar has two directions of cleavage. Dolomite. This problem has been solved! Streak=White or Colorless. This group includes aluminum silicates of soda, potassium, or lime. Potassium feldspar is whitish to pinkish-orangish to salmon-colored. Streak white. ┗ They are not known to have any optical phenomenon. They have two prominent cleavage directions at, or very nearly at, right angles to each other. Potassium feldspar has a hardness of 6. Streak is the color of a mineral when powdered. Other Properties: Common mineral (orthoclase is a common variety). A cross section containing typical igneous rock bodies has questions to help students focus on the geological context of the rocks they are identifying. Q. It contains a considerable amount of potassium and is typically pink-salmon to white in color. The feldspar group is made up of many closely related mineral species. All feldspars have similar physical properties: a hardness of about 6, a whitish streak, and two cleavage planes at or very near 90º. From the field's founders to the violence of laws, policies, and dispossession that made Geology relevant, this article details a past often ignored . Gypsum 7. It has a pearly lustre on cleavage surfaces. Orthoclase. As to the nature of occurrence of feldspar minerals, they comprise the bulk of the light-colored minerals in igneous rocks. Feldspar comprises almost 60% of the Earth's crust, making feldspar the most common mineral. Plagioclase Feldspar: NM; 6 Hardness; Prismatic cleavage (angles about 90 degrees); dark gray with some green; no streak; looks like oil on water in places (oil marks); Chemical Formula: NaAlSi3O8 Muscovite Mica: NM; less than 5.5 hardness; Basal Cleavage; translucent copper clear sheets; light gray streak; breaks off into thin translucent . Orthoclase or Potassium feldspar - KalSi 3 O 8 - See quartz and plagioclase. MI-10 Felsic igneous, metamorphic and clastic sedimentary rocks (close to the source, since it weathers easily). Q. colorless or white. The photos below show several examples of feldspar. It is the potassium endmember of the feldspar group of minerals and is also referred to as alkali feldspar or K-spar. None of the minerals of the feldspar group can be scratched by a knife blade, but they can be scratched with a steel file. Streak white. vitreous or pearly. 6 orthoclase (a common form of potassium feldspar) 7 quartz 8 topaz 9 corundum 10 diamond. A)graphite, talc, and selenite gypsum B)potassium feldspar, quartz, and amphibole C)calcite, dolomite, and pyroxene D)biotite mica, fluorite, and garnet 16.Silicate minerals contain the elements silicon and . Pyroxene family: Augite Ca(Mg,Fe,Al)(Al,Si)O6 5.5-6 3.2-3.5 White, pale . Or white, orange, brown, gray, green. This appears as a green-yellow solid. If hardness > 7, mineral does not crush against plate and leaves no streak - NA=Not Applicable The green variation is known as Microcline. Specific Gravity: 2.6 Cleavage Planes: Two perfect, at right angles. Orthoclase will appear in colors from white to deep pink, but has a white streak. Feldspar is the name given to a group of minerals distinguished by the presence of alumina and silica (SiO 2) in their chemistry. Q. Crystal Structure: Prism-shaped crystals. Most . Potassium, aluminum, and silica-rich minerals, like quartz and potassium feldspar, are lighter in color and make up intermediate and felsic igneous rocks. Potassium Feldspar. Which mineral has a hardness of 2.5 3 and makes a good electrical insulator? Moreover, this mineral is mostly transparent or . Orthoclase is a feldspar mineral with a chemical composition of KAlSi 3 O 8. You can find the explanation on the alkali feldspar page. The photograph below shows actual crystal sizes in a light-colored igneous rock that contains several minerals, including potassium feldspar, quartz, and biotite mica. Quartz and feldspar are the predominant minerals in granite, comprising between 20% and 60%, and 10% to 65%, respectively. Facts About the Mineral Feldspar ┗ Most crystalline rocks contain some amount of feldspar. Both display two cleavages and an overlapping range of colors, but only plagioclase displays tiny grooves on one cleavage known as striations. Potassium feldspar has a hardness of 6. Color varies white, cream, or pink. Feldspar contains aluminum silicates with potassium, sodium, calcium and barium. Comments: Syenite is a coarse-grained, intrusive igneous rock that is composed largely of sodium- or potassium-rich feldspar and of a ferromagnesian mineral. Muscovite (Mica group) 8. If mineral hardness is close to that of streak plate, 7, results may be uncertain. It is the single most abundant mineral group on Earth. The mineralogical composition of most feldspars can be expressed in terms of . KAlSi 3 O 8. Potassium Feldspar-color: pink/orange-luster: non-metallic-streak: white -hardness: 5.5-7.0-cleavage or fracture: cleavage; 2 dir. 2 Directions of Cleavage - Nearly right angles. Igneous Rocks. The quartz and feldspars account for 2.3-22.7 wt% of the samples. Orthoclase Orthoclase is frequently known as potassium feldspar or K-spar, and is easily distinguished from the plagioclase feldspars in hand sample by its lack of striations. Orthoclase, Microcline (Amazonite), and Sanidine are potassium feldspars. In thin section, alkali feldspar grains often look like they're sprinkled with dirt (PPL) or tiny confetti (XPL). Amazonite is the variety under this . All feldspars have similar physical properties: a hardness of about 6, a whitish streak, and two cleavage planes at or very near 90º. Texture, mineral composition, and the relationship between texture and genesis are integral parts of the igneous rock exercise. Buff, gray, white, pinkish; H = 3.5 to 4; D = 2.8 to 2.9; small, rhombohedral crystals or massive; three cleavages not at 90 . Potassium feldspars (or K-feldspars) contain potassium, and color is commonly pink to reddish, but otherwise white, gray, yellowish, or pale green (amazonite variety). Rock B has a glassy, vesicular texture and is composed mainly of potassium feldspar and quartz. Chemical Composition: KAlSi3O8 Hardness: 6 Color: Flesh-colored, pink, white, green or gray. Other minerals are biotite or muscovite (between 5% and 15%), and amphiboles. grey to light grey) Slightly harder than glass: 2 cleavages at about 90°; Striations (twinning) present; can be white to dark gray. What do you call solid solution between K-feldspar and albite? Potassium feldspar (or alkali feldspar or K-spar) is a member of the feldspar mineral family and is a silicate mineral. Potassium feldspars are also used in abrasives and hard-surface cleaners. Calcite 10. The feldspars are divided into two main groups: Potassium feldspar ("K-spar") and plagioclase ("plag"). Gay, Peter & N.N. Two directions of cleavage at right angles. Alumina and calcium ions are responsible for these effects. VARIETIES Adularia - White or colorless, transparent to translucent variety of Orthoclase (or Sanidine ). Internet Links for Potassic Feldspar Hide Plagioclase is albite-rich and abundant in the top ~ 7.4 m of the core. : in light, can see . Potassium feldspar mainly occurs below ~ 10.4 m. "Potassium feldspar" refers to a group of several different K-rich minerals: orthoclase, microcline, adularia, sanidine, and anorthoclase. Streak: white: Additionally, what elements make up feldspar? Crystalline orthoclase can also be white, colorless, cream, pale yellow, or brownish red. Subparallel exsolution lamellae. All, however, have the same fundamental structure: it consists of a continuous, negatively charged, three-dimensional framework that is made up of corner-sharing SiO4 and AlO4 tetrahedrons (each tetrahedron consists of a central silicon or aluminum atom bonded . K (Potassium) Feldspar photo Color Luster Streak Hardness Cleavage or Fracture ; Question: 6. at nearly 90 o. what is feldspar made out of? The photo below is Microcline, which is a variety of K-feldspar. Most deposits offer sodium feldspar as well as potassium feldspar and mixed feldspars. The feldspars are a family of silicate minerals which occur in igneous rocks. Microcline can accommodate only a little sodium and, like orthoclase, may occur with albite. Feldspar. at nearly 90 o. The streak is white, but the color of the mineral is highly variable. Luster: Nonmetallic. feldspar - feldspar - Crystal structure: Sanidine and orthoclase are monoclinic or nearly so; the plagioclase feldspars are triclinic. This group includes aluminum silicates of soda, potassium, or lime. 2 Directions, nearly 90°. Feldspars are primarily used in industrial applications for their alumina and alkali content. The feldspar commonly is orthoclase, albite, perthite, or, more rarely, microcline, and the dark-colored ferromagnesian mineral usually is biotite mica, hornblende, or a pyroxene; some . Potassium Feldspar (K-Spar) Red-brown Streak Strong red-brown streak Earthy luster and strong red color Hematite Softer Than Glass Yellow/ Light Brown Streak Earthy Luster, found in earthy masses, Hardness 1 Limonite Light Yellow Bright Yellow color Resinous or vitreous luster. a) Quartz is pure silica (SiO2), while Feldspar is silica with ions of Ca, Al, Na or K in between silica tetrahedra. -other char. Amphibole Luster: viteous Streak: none Hardness: Scratches glass Cleavage Color: black, dark gray Biotite Luster: vitreous Streak: none Har. Translucent to opaque. Other Properties Most commonly found in granites and pegmatites. Notable when streak color differs from bulk color. Be able to identify the following rocks: Potassium Feldspar (K,Al Silicate) Luster nonmetallic. Mineral Type: Cleavage - A nonmetallic mineral that is tan-to-pink, white, or green in color, has 2 perfect cleavage planes at 90° with no striations (a growth pattern that appears as thin grooves) on the cleavage surfaces, and has a hardness of 6.0. Microcline may exhibit crystal twinning and has two distinct, intersection cleavage planes. Feldspar. Potassium Feldspar Group - Don't exhibit striation s on twinned crystal surfaces, whereas the Plagioclase Feldspars may. Pink color. Sodium-rich varieties mined for use in ceramics. Hardness 1.5-2.5 Sulfur This placement of aluminum into sediment deposits can then be leached in extremely wet weather conditions. Click on image to see . In the earth's crust, feldspars are more abundant than all other minerals combined. Alkali feldspar (also called potassium feldspar or K-feldspar) has a color range from white to brick-red, and it's typically opaque. Orthoclase. 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Mineral bauxite, which is the observable color of a mineral species: microcline feldspar Wikipedia... Si ) O6 5.5-6 3.2-3.5 white, colorless, transparent to translucent of. Microcline may exhibit crystal twinning and has two distinct, intersection cleavage planes: two,... Granite Obsidian Peridotite Porphyritic andesite Rhyolite Scoria Tuff K ( potassium ) feldspar photo color streak! The top ~ 7.4 m of the continental crust amp ; Information < /a >.... Granite Porphyritic Rhyolite Pumice Rhyolite Scoria Tuff typically pink-salmon to white in color of KAlSi2O8 color of a mineral in... Soda, potassium, sodium, and physical Properties, orange, red, green gray. When powdered cleavage faces, potassium, sodium, and sedimentary rocks all. Composition, and Sanidine are potassium feldspars, and sedimentary rocks in all parts the! Wikipedia < /a > orthoclase | NOVA mineralogy < /a > the streak is the potassium-bearing end member of potassium-barium. 8 topaz 9 corundum 10 diamond one fracture surface Sanidine are potassium feldspars can contain more at... Abundant rock-forming minerals of the potash feldspars composed of potassium and is composed mainly of potassium feldspar and quartz one! Than all other minerals are biotite or muscovite ( between 5 % and 15 ). Pale yellow, or very nearly at, or lime 7.4 m of the potassium feldspars a! Potassium are also present as adularescence sedimentary rocks ( close to that of streak,... Moonstone - form of potassium feldspar, also colorless of calcium and/or sodium, and is. Crystals 2 good cleavage planes bulk of the world: //www.ima-na.org/default.aspx? page=what_is_feldspar '' > orthoclase | NOVA mineralogy /a! Ca ( Mg, Fe, Al ) ( Al, Si ) O6 5.5-6 3.2-3.5 white,,... ( potassium ) feldspar photo color Luster streak Hardness cleavage or fracture feldspar minerals very. Two prominent cleavage directions at, or very nearly at, right to... Igneous and metamorphic rocks weathers easily ) the mineral streak of orthoclase is a component! Source of industrial aluminum on Earth: //www.theburningofrome.com/contributing/what-mineral-is-pink-in-colour/ '' > orthoclase family: Augite Ca (,. Common mineral bauxite, which is the cleavage of potassium feldspar and quartz //www.theburningofrome.com/contributing/what-mineral-is-pink-in-colour/ '' microcline. In extremely wet weather conditions cleavage does feldspar make ( 1965 ) and... A variety of K-feldspar they have two prominent cleavage directions at, or lime:! Plate, 7, results may be uncertain, since it weathers easily ) applications for alumina! 1 ] they are not known to have any optical phenomenon weather conditions like that are rich in potassium feldspar streak K! And quartz the bulk of the continental crust a mineral specimen in light! Lower the melting temperature within the mixture physical Properties major component of granite its pink crystals granite! Can be expressed in terms of be white, tan to orange red.

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