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Established professional standards should serve as the basis for an agencys operating policies and procedures. Prisoners who are unable to access library resources because of housing restrictions, language or reading skills, or for other reasons, should have access to an effective alternative to such access, including the provision of counsel, or of prisoners or non-prisoners trained in the law. Prisoners should receive credit against any disciplinary sentence for time served in prehearing confinement if prehearing conditions were substantially similar to conditions in disciplinary segregation. _______are laws that are created by local, state, and federal governments, the number of section 1983 lawsuits among both state and federal prisoners dropped dramatically following the passage of the _________________. (h) Correctional agencies should work together to develop uniform national definitions and methods of defining, collecting, and reporting accurate and complete data. (iii) after the risk that justified the use of force has passed. Restrictions placed on prisoners should be necessary and proportionate to the legitimate objectives for which those restrictions are imposed. (b) A correctional agency should allow a prisoner to examine and copy information in the prisoners file, challenge its accuracy, and request its amendment. (ix) a de novo hearing held every [6 months], with the same procedural protections as here provided, to decide if involuntary placement in the mental health facility remains necessary. (b) In imposing and enforcing financial obligations on prisoners, governmental authorities, including courts, should consider both the interest served by the imposition of the obligation and the cumulative effect of financial obligations on a prisoners successful and law-abiding re-entry. Except in unusual circumstances, such as a study of a condition that is solely or almost solely found among incarcerated populations, at least half the subjects involved in any behavioral or biomedical research in which prisoner participation is sought should be non-prisoners. (b) Prisoners job assignments should not discriminate on the basis of race, national origin, ethnicity, religion, or disability. (c) Correctional authorities should assign to single occupancy cells prisoners not safely or appropriately housed in multiple occupancy cells, and correctional and governmental authorities should maintain sufficient numbers of such single cells for the needs of a facilitys particular prisoner population. Conditions of extreme isolation generally include a combination of sensory deprivation, lack of contact with other persons, enforced idleness, minimal out-of-cell time, and lack of outdoor recreation. Refer to the previous exercise. Assume all accounts have normal balances. A decision to retain a prisoner in segregated housing following consideration by the classification review committee should be reviewed by a correctional administrator, and approved, rejected, or modified as appropriate. (d) Other than as allowed by subdivision (e) of this Standard, correctional authorities should not use restraints in a prisoners cell except immediately preceding an out-of-cell movement or for medical or mental health purposes as authorized by a qualified medical or mental health professional. (h) A correctional facility should be monitored and regularly inspected by independent government entities. (iv) Provision should be made for appropriate health care for adverse medical or mental health conditions or reactions resulting from participation. legal rules produced by judges' decisions. (g) Courts should be permitted to implement rules to protect defendants and courts from vexatious litigation, but governmental authorities should not retaliate against a prisoner who brings an action in court or otherwise exercises a legal right. (e) If correctional officials conduct a disciplinary proceeding during the pendency of a criminal investigation or prosecution, correctional authorities should advise the prisoner of the right to remain silent during the proceeding, and should not use that silence against the prisoner. Except in the event of an emergency lockdown of less than [72 hours] in which security necessitates denial of such access, prisoners should be afforded access to showers, correspondence, delivery of legal materials, and grievance procedures. The plan should describe the course of treatment provided the prisoner in the facility and any medical, dental, or mental health problems that may need follow-up attention in the community. (f) Correctional staff should monitor and assess any health or safety concerns related to the refusal of a prisoner in segregated housing to eat or drink, or to participate in programming, recreation, or out-of-cell activity. (a) Correctional authorities should recognize and respect prisoners freedom of religion. (b) Correctional officials should be permitted to require that prior to publication of an internal newspaper all material be submitted for review by a designated official, and to prohibit the publication or dissemination of material that is obscene or that constitutes a substantial threat to institutional security or order or to the safety of any person. (b) Correctional authorities should make appropriate accommodations for prisoners with special dietary needs for reasons of health or age. Correctional authorities should provide female prisoners job opportunities reasonably similar in nature and scope to those provided male prisoners. [Use the navigation bar on the left side to go to a specific Part of Standard. To promote occupational training for prisoners, work release programs should be used when appropriate. (g) If it is necessary for correctional authorities to apply four- or five-point restraints without participation of a qualified health care professional because the situation is an emergency and health care staff are not available, a qualified health care professional should review the situation a s soon as possible and assess whether such restraints are appropriate. (iii) the de novo hearing held every [6 months] should decide whether to continue or modify any involuntary treatment, and in reaching that decision should consider, in addition to other relevant evidence, evidence of side effects. Correctional authorities should inform prisoners that their conversations may be monitored, and should not monitor or record conversations for purposes of harassment or retaliation. (i) Governmental authorities should not exempt correctional agencies from their jurisdictions Administrative Procedure Act, Freedom of Information Act, or Public Records Act. (b) Correctional administrators and officials should foster an institutional culture that helps maintain a safe and secure facility, is conducive to humane and respectful treatment of prisoners, supports adherence to professional standards, and encourages ethical conduct. Correctional officials should allow a prisoner not receiving home furloughs to have extended visits with the prisoners family in suitable settings, absent an individualized determination that such an extended visit would pose a threat to safety or security. (b) Correctional agency policies and procedures should authorize the use of deadly force only by security personnel trained in the use of deadly force, and only in a situation when correctional authorities reasonably believe that deadly force is necessary to prevent imminent death or serious bodily harm or to prevent an escape from a secure correctional facility, subject to the qualification in subdivision (c) of this Standard. If contact visits are precluded because of such an individualized determination, non-contact, in-person visiting opportunities should be allowed, absent an individualized determination that a non-contact visit between the prisoner and a particular visitor poses like dangers. (d) Correctional authorities should house and manage prisoners with physical disabilities, including temporary disabilities, in a manner that provides for their safety and security. This agency, which should be permitted to be the same entity responsible for investigations conducted pursuant to Standard 23-11.2(b), should anticipate and detect systemic problems affecting prisoners, monitor issues of continuing concern, identify best practices within facilities, and make recommendations for improvement. (c) Restrictions relating to a prisoners programming or other privileges, whether as a disciplinary sanction or otherwise, should be permitted to reduce, but not to eliminate, a prisoners: (i) access to items of personal care and hygiene; (ii) opportunities to take regular showers; (iii) personal visitation privileges, but suspension of such visits should be for no more than [30 days]; (iv) opportunities for physical exercise; (v) opportunities to speak with other persons; (vi) religious observance in accordance with Standard 23-7.3; and. (a) Judicial procedures should be available to facilitate timely resolution of disputes involving the legality, duration, or conditions of confinement. Inmates who assist other inmates in the preparation of legal documents or give other help in legal matters are referred to as. A written translation in a language the prisoner understands should be provided within a reasonable period of time to each literate prisoner who does not understand English. (b) Prisoners should have the right to refuse requests for interviews and should be notified of that right and given an opportunity to consult with counsel, if they have counsel, prior to an interview. (c) All prisoners placed in segregated housing should be provided with meaningful forms of mental, physical, and social stimulation. (b) Correctional officials should provide prisoners opportunities to make suggestions to improve correctional programs and conditions. Prisoners should be informed of this procedure pursuant to Standard 23-4.1, including any applicable timeframes or other bases for rejecting a grievance on procedural grounds. (c) Correctional authorities should be permitted to monitor and restrict both outgoing and incoming written communications and materials to the extent necessary for maintenance of institutional order, safety, and security; prevention of criminal offenses; continuing criminal investigations; and protection of victims of crime. Correctional authorities should generally accommodate professionally accredited journalists who request permission to visit a facility or a prisoner, and should provide a process for expeditious appeal if a request is denied. For purposes of this subdivision, a prisoner in custody for transit to or from a secure correctional facility is considered to be within the perimeter of such facility. No prisoner should be shackled during a work assignment except after an individualized determination that security requires otherwise. (c) In an emergency situation requiring the immediate involuntary transfer of a prisoner with serious mental illness to a dedicated mental health facility because of a serious and imminent risk to the safety of the prisoner or others, the chief executive of a correctional facility should be authorized to order such a transfer, but the procedural protections set out in subdivision (b) of this Standard should be provided within [7 days] after the transfer. A correctional agency should develop a range of housing options for such prisoners, including high security housing; residential housing with various privilege levels dependent upon treatment and security assessments; and transition housing to facilitate placement in general population or release from custody. Correctional authorities should not stigmatize prisoners who need protection. Staff should explain and read the rules and the handbook to any prisoner unable to read them by reason of illiteracy or disability. Complaints of dental pain should be referred to a qualified dental professional, and necessary treatment begun promptly. Prisoners whose health or institutional adjustment would otherwise be adversely affected should be provided with medical prosthetic devices or other impairment-related aids, such as eyeglasses, hearing aids, or wheelchairs, except when there has been an individualized finding that such an aid would be inconsistent with security or safety. It's time to renew your membership and keep access to free CLE, valuable publications and more. (c) Hospitals and infirmaries operated by or within correctional facilities should meet the licensing standards applicable to similar, non-prison hospitals or infirmaries. (a) Correctional administrators should develop and implement policies governing use of chemical agents and electronic weaponry. They should receive authority to: (i) examine every part of every facility; (iii) conduct confidential interviews with prisoners and staff; and. (g) The term correctional staff or staff means employees who have direct contact with prisoners, including both security and non-security personnel, and employees of other governmental or private organizations who work within a correctional facility. (b) Upon a prisoners entry to a correctional facility, correctional authorities should provide the prisoner a personal copy of the rules for prisoner conduct and an informational handbook written in plain language. a judicial order asking correctional officials to produce the prisoner and to give reasons to justify continued confinement is called a writ of _______________, Inmates who assist other inmates in the preparation of legal documents or give other help in legal matters are referred to as. A staff member should report any information relating to corrupt or criminal conduct by other staff directly to the chief executive officer of the facility or to an independent government official with responsibility to investigate correctional misconduct, and should provide any investigator with full and candid information about observed misconduct. Except in highly unusual circumstances in which a prisoner poses an imminent threat of serious bodily harm, staff should not use types of force that carry a high risk of injury, such as punches, kicks, or strikes to the head, neck, face, or groin. (v) forbid the use of electronic weaponry in drive-stun or direct contact mode. (c) When federal or state law authorizes a governmental or non-governmental agency or organization to conduct an investigation relating to a correctional facility, correctional officials should allow that agency or organization convenient and complete access to the facility and should cooperate fully in the investigation. Procedures should exist for identifying individual prisoners who did not participate in incidents that led to the lockdown and whose access to programs and movement within the facility may be safely restored prior to the termination of lockdown status. Correctional authorities should offer prisoners expected to be incarcerated for more than six months additional educational programs designed to meet those prisoners individual needs. To go to a particular black letter Standard (without commentary), click on the relevant Standard in the Table of Contents, below. 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